Tempo de leitura: 1 minuto
Cluster policies are among the key tools to achieve economic development goals within regional economic planning. The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) represents a typology of policy approach implemented by legislative authorities of the countries in order to achieve these objectives of significant economic development.
In the European Union (EU) the Commission is required to adopt the decision about the establishment of a free zones within the Member States: at present there are 91 functioning zones. These SEZs are interesting both for investors – who may benefit from special privileges in taxation, custom duties or access to infrastructure – and for the residents of the Zones, who may have tax reductions on income, property, transportation. Nonetheless, being influenced by several features, the SEZs’ success varies.
This study analyzes the general European framework of the ZESs to compare the role of the diferent regions in achieving economic development objectives. By using macroeconomic indicators from 2000 to 2016 for each zones we identified the structural changes in the economic, social and infrastructural context of the regions hosting a special area. The building of composite indexes allowed to ranking the SEZs for an easy comparison.
Furthermore, a matrix between the impacts and the used incentives will allow to offer policy indication in the implementation of new zones for the involved stakeholders.
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